877
См. о Великобритании: Хобсбаум Э. Век империи, 1875―1914. Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс, 1999. С. 275.
О том, как и где проявилось влияние Кейнса, см.: P. WeirandT. Skocpol, " State Structures and the Possibilities for Keynesian Responses to the Great Depression in Sweden, Britain, and the United States," in P.B. Evans, et al., eds., Bringing the State back in ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 107-186.
Данные взяты из работы: Н. van der Wee, Prosperity and Upheaval (New York: Viking), 1986, p. 307.
G.L. Reid and K. Allen, Nationalized Industries (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1970), p. 14―15.
О французской национализации в этот период см.: А.Н. Hanson, ed. Public Enterprise: A Study of Its Organization and Management in Various Countries (Brussels: International Institute of Administrative Sciences, 1955), p. 201―224; J.P. van Ouderhoven, "Privatization in Europe," in K.K. Finley, Public Sector Privatization: Alternative Approaches to Service Delivery (New York: Quorum Books, 1989), p. 168ff.
Дополнительные данные об экспансии государственного сектора экономики в Мексике см.: О. Humberto Vera Ferrer, "The Political Economy of Privatization in Mexico," in W. Glade, ed., Privatization of Public Enterprise in Latin America (SanFrancisco: ICS Press. 1991), p. 35―58.
US Embassy, Cairo, Egyptian Economic Trends, occasional publication, March 1989, p. 8.
См. в частности: J. К. Galbraith, The Affluent Society (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1959), а также: М. Harrington, The Other America: Poverty in the United States (New York: Collier, 1962).
Данные взяты из работ: G.K. Fry, The Growth of Government (London: Cass, 1979), p. 32; R. Higgs, Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 22―23; R.A. Freeman, The Growth of American Government: A Morphology of the Welfare State (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1975), p. 35.
Данные взяты из работы: A. Milward, The European Rescue of the Nation State (London: Routledge, 1992), p. 35. Данные по другим странам см. в: Р. Flora and A.J. Heidenheimer, eds., The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1981), p. 319.
N. Gilbert, Capitalism and the Welfare State (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1981), table 7.2.
Краткий обзор влияния «кризиса» на международную экономику см. в: W.M. Scammell, The International Economy Since 1945 (London: Macmillan, 1983), p. 193ff.
Данные по Европе см. в: Milward, The European Rescue of the National State, p. 30; по США см.: Monthly Labor Review, 103, 2, February 1980, p. 75.
J. Logue, "The Welfare State: Victim of its Success," in S.R. Graubard, ed., ПеState (New York: Norton, 1979), p. 69-88; M. Dogan, "The Social Security Crisis in the Richest Countries: Basic Analogies," International Social Science Journal, 37, 1, 1985, p. 47―61.
R. Tylewski and M. Opp de Hipt, Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland in Zahlen 1945/49-1980 (Munich: Beck, 1987), p. 38; по Британии см. данные по тому же периоду в: A.F. Stiletto, Britain in Figures: A Handbook of Social Statistics (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1971),p. 31.
Некоторые цифры см. в статье: С. W. Higgins, «American Health Care and the Economics of Change," in Finley, Public Sector Privatization, pp. 96ff.
Tylewski and Opp de Hipt, Die Bundesrepublik in Zahlen, p. 183 ― 184.
Данные по США см. в: Freeman, The Growth of American Government, p. 11; данные по некоторым другим странам см. в: L. Bryson, Welfare and the State: Who Benefits? (London: Macmillan, 1992), p. 193.
J. Logue, "Will Success Spoilthe Welfare State?" Dissent, Winter 1985, p. 97.
Flora and Heidenheimer, The Development of Welfare States, p. 1,67.
Gilbert, Capitalism and the Welfare State, p. 52―54; J.L. Clayton, On the Brink: Defense, Deficits and Welfare Spending (New York: National Strategy Information Center, 1984), p. 101.
Данные по 1980 г. см. в: N. Ginsburg, Divisions of Welfare (London: Sage, 1992), p. 199.
D. Cameron, "On the Limits of the Public Economy," Annals, January 1982, p. 46.
Данные по инфляции в Швейцарии и других странах приводятся по
кн.: Scammell, The International Economy Since 1945, p. 216.
S.B. Seward, The Future of Social Welfare Systems in Canada and the UK (Halifax, Nova Scotia: Institute for Research on Public Policy, 1987), p. 63.
См.: W. Thorsell, Canada Counts the Cost," in The World in 1996 (London: The Economist, 1996), p. 67.
Инаугурационные речи президентов США. М.: Издательский дом «Стратегия», 2001. С. 467.
Е.Е. Berkowitz and К. McQuaid, Creating the Welfare State: The Political Economy of Twentieth-Century Reform (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1992), p. 207-208.
Cm. Flora and Heidenheimer, The Development of Welfare States, p. 202―204; M. Schnitzer, Income Distribution: A Comparative Study of the United Stales, Sweden, West Germany, East Germany and the UK (New York: Praeger, 1972); A.B. Atkinson, Poverty and Social Security ( New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1989), p. 48ff; J. A. Pechman, Tire Rich, The Poor, and the Taxes They Pay (Boulder: Westview Press 1986), p. 19-30.
Seward, The Future of'Welfare Systems, p. 214, 218.
The Economist, 11 September 1993.
Congressional Budget Office, US House of Representatives, Ways and Means Committee "The Changing Distribution of Federal Taxes, 1977 ― 1990," February 1987; "Tax Progressivity and Income Distribution", 26 March 1990.
См.: Е.В. Kapstein "Workers and the World Economy," Foreign Affairs, 73, 3, May/June 1996, p. 16-17.
По Соединенным Штатам см.: R.B. Freeman and L.F. Katz, eds., Differences and Changes in Wage Structures (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995); о подобных изменениях, проходивших в Германии как крупнейшей стране ЕС, см. Der Spiegel, 39, 1997, p. 96ff.
Доступное перечисление идей Хайека: С. Nishiyama and K.L. Leube, eds. The Essence of Hayek (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1984).
См. удобный краткий обзор в сб.: P.J. Miller, ed., The Rational Expectations Revolutions (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994). Я хочу поблагодарить профессора X. Баркай экономического факультета Еврейского Университета за ключ к последним вывертам экономической теории.
См. напр.: R.L. Greenfield andL.В. Yeager, "ALaissezFaire Approach to Monetary Stability," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 15, 1983, p. 302-315; L.H. White, "The Relevance of Free Banking Today," in Collins, Central Banking in History, vol. I, p. 434―449; R. Vaubal, "The Government's Money Monopoly: Externalization of Natural Monopoly," Kyklos, 37, 1984,p. 27―58; и прежде всего: ХайекФ. Частные деньги. М.: ИНМЭ, 1996.
См.: R. Pryke, The Nationalized Industries: Policies and Performance Since 1968 (Oxford: Robertson, 1986), esp. p. 237-266.
Полный список полностью или частично проданных компаний, а также полученные суммы см. в: S. Chodak, The New State: Etatization of Western Societies (Boulder: Rienner, 1989), p. 147.
Детали см. в: R. Fraser, ed., Privatization: The UK Experience and International Trends (London: Longman, 1989).
С. Jones, "The Pacific Challenge: Confucian Welfare States" in Jones, ed. New Perspectives on the Welfare State in Europe (London: Routledge, 1993), p. 198-220.
См.: K.J. Fields, Enterprise and the State in Korea and Taiwan (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995), esp. p. 238ff.
См.: D. Hale, "Test of the Tigers," World Link, September-October 1997,p. 17-38.
Данные см. в: Hillman, "Comparative Strength of the Great Powers," p. 146.
Статистику производства см. в кн.: R. Munting, The Economic Development of the USSR (London: St. Martin's, 1982).
См.: М.С. Kaser, ed. The Economic History of Eastern Europe (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), vol. Ill, p. 9ff, 19, 52, 95, 152 ― данные по коллективизации сельского хозяйства в этих странах, а также по общему экономическому росту.
I. Jeffries, "The DDR in Historical and International Perspective," in JeffresandM. Melzer, eds. The East German Economy (London: Methuen, 1987), p. 1-11.
Данные по советскому производству этих видов продукции на 1960 г. см. в: G.A. Hosking, History of the Soviet Union (London: Collins, 1985), app. С ("Selected Indices of Industrial and Agricultural Production"), p. 483ff.
См.: R.W. Judy and V.L. Clough, The Information Age and Soviet Society (Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill, 1989), ch. 1.
См.: R.E. Ericson, "The Soviet Economic Predicament," in H.S. Rowen and С Wolf, JT., eds., The Future of the Soviet Empire (New York: St. Martin's 1987), p. 95-120; W. Moskoff, Hard Times: The Soviet Union 1985-1991 (Armonk, NY: Sharpe, 1993).
К 1989 г. их количество составило почти четверть миллиона: J. P. SterЬа "Long March," Wall Street Journal, 16 June 1989, p. A4.
Углубленное обсуждение этой проблемы см. в кн.: О. Shell, Mandate of Heaven: The Legacy of Tiananmen Square and the Next Generation of China's Leaders (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994), esp. pt. V.
См.: R. Frydman, et al., The Privatization Process in Central Europe (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993).
По отдельным регионам см.: R.A. Ahene and B.S. Katz, eds., Privatization and Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa (New York: Praeger, 1992); I. Harick and D.J. Sullivan, eds., Privatization and Liberalization in the Middle East (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992); краткий глобальный обзор см. в работе: P. Young "Privatization Around the World," inS.H. Hanke, ed., Prospects for Privatization (New York: AOS, 1987), p. 190-206.
Смысл существования, происхождение (франц.). ― Прим. науч. ред.
J. Sachs, "Recipe for Disaster," World Link, January-February 1998, p. 17.
Об использовании государством новых технологий для контроля за населением см.: М.К. Matsuda, "Doctor, Judge, Vagabond: Identity, Identification and Other Memories of the State," History and Memory, 6, 1, 1994, p. 73 ― 94; B. Delmas "Revolution industrielle et mutation administrative: l'innovation de radministration francaise auxXIXe siecle," Histoire, Economic et Societe, 4, 2, 1985, p. 205―232; и подробнее в: J.R. Beniger, The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986).
