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Подробнее об Элис см. Volkan, 1981.
Volkan, 1966, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1981, 1985; Volkan, Cillufо and Sarvay, 1975; Volkan and Showalter, 1968; Volkan and Josephthal, 1980.
Все исследователи отмечают одни и те же клинические явления. Классификации различаются в зависимости от теоретической ориентации исследователя. Например, Джон Боулби (Bowlby, 1961), создатель теории привязанности, выделил три фазы процесса горевания, но позже и он, и Колин Паркес (Parkes, 1972) стали выделять уже четыре фазы. Боулби и Паркес описали первую фазу как «оцепенение». Эта фаза длится от нескольких часов до недели. За оцепенением следует фаза тоски по утраченному человеку и стремление вернуть потерю, которая может длиться несколько месяцев или лет. Третьей фазой является дезорганизация, за которой следует четвертая фаза, реорганизация.
Джордж Поллок (Pollock, 1961) проводит различие между острой и хронической стадиями горевания. Затем он разделяет острую стадию на три
