dispute between Bernoulli and d’Alembert and the calculus of probabilities’, Lettera Matematica International, 2015.
О безопасности MMR и вакцины против кори существует обширная литература, например: Smeeth L. et al., ‘MMR vaccination and pervasive developmental disorders: a case-control study’, The Lancet, 2004; A. Hviid, J.V. Hansen, M. Frisch, et al., ‘Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccination and Autism: A Nationwide Cohort Study’, Annals of Internal Medicine, 2019; LeBaron C.W. et al., ‘Persistence of Measles Antibodies After 2 Doses of Measles Vaccine in a Postelimination Environment’, JAMA Pediatrics, 2007.
Wellcome Global Monitor 2018, 19 June 2019.
Finnegan G., ‘Rise in vaccine hesitancy related to pursuit of purity’, Horizon Magazine, 26 April 2018.
Funk S. et al., ‘Combining serological and contact data to derive target immunity levels for achieving and maintaining measles elimination’, BioRxiv, 2019.
Measles: Europe sees record number of cases and 37 deaths so far this year’, British Medical Journal, 2018.
Bakshy E. et al., ‘Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook’, Science, 2015; Tufekci Z., ‘How Facebook’s Algorithm Suppresses Content Diversity (Modestly) and How the Newsfeed Rules Your Clicks’, Medium, 7 May 2015.
Flaxman S. et al., ‘Filter bubbles, echo chambers and online news consumption’, Public Opinion Quarterly, 2016.
Bail C.A. et al., ‘Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization’, PNAS, 2018.
Duggan M. and Smith A., ‘The Political Environment on Social Media’, Pew Research Center, 2016.
boyd d.m., ‘Taken Out of Context: American Teen Sociality in Networked Publics’, University of California, Berkeley PhD Dissertation, 2008.
Один из первых примеров: ‘Dead pet UL?’ Опубликовано на alt.folklore.urban, 10 июля 1992 года.
Письмо к Этьену Ноэлю Дамилавилю, 16 мая 1767 года.
Suler J., ‘The Online Disinhibition Effect’, Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 2004.
Cheng J. et al., ‘Antisocial Behavior in Online Discussion Communities’, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 2015; Cheng J. et al., ‘Anyone Can Become a Troll: Causes of Trolling Behavior in Online Discussions’, Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 2017.
Исследование Facebook: Kramer A.D.I. et al., ‘Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks’, PNAS, 2014; D’Onfro J., ‘Facebook Researcher Responds To Backlash Against “Creepy” Mood Manipulation Study’, Insider, 29 June 2014.
Griffin A., ‘Facebook manipulated users’ moods in secret experiment’, The Independent, 29 June 2014; Arthur C., ‘Facebook emotion study breached ethical guidelines, researchers say’, The Guardian, 30 June 2014.
Примеры: Raine R. et al., ‘A national cluster-randomised controlled trial to examine the effect of enhanced reminders on the socioeconomic gradient in uptake in bowel cancer screening’, British Journal of Cancer, 2016; Kitchener H.C. et al., ‘A cluster randomised trial of strategies to increase cervical screening uptake at first invitation (STRATEGIC)’, Health Technology Assessment, 2016. Необходимо отметить, что, несмотря на широкое применение, рандомизированные эксперименты (их еще называют A/B-тестами) у многих людей вызывают дискомфорт – даже если все опции безопасны, а исследование не нарушает этических норм. Проведенное в 2019 году исследование показало, что «люди часто считают A/B-тесты, нацеленные на сравнение эффективности двух методик или лекарств, неприемлемыми, даже когда они одобряют повсеместное применение А или В без тестирования». Источник: Source: Meyer M.N. et al., ‘Objecting to experiments that compare two unobjectionable policies or treatments’, PNAS, 2019.
Berger J. and Milkman K.L., ‘What Makes online Content Viral?’, Journal of Marketing Research, 2011.
Heath C. et al., ‘Emotional selection in memes: the case of urban legends’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2001.
Tufekci Z., ‘YouTube, the Great Radicalizer’, New York Times, 10 March 2018.
Baquero F. et al., ‘Ecology and evolution of antibiotic resistance’, Environmental Microbiology Reports, 2009.
De Domenico M. et al., ‘The Anatomy of a Scientific Rumor’, Scientific Reports, 2013.
Goel S. et al., ‘The Structural Virality of Online Diffusion’, Management Science, 2016.
Goel S. et al., ‘The Structure of Online Diffusion Networks’, EC’12 Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce, 2012; Tatar A. et al., ‘A survey on predicting the popularity of web content’, Journal of Internet Services and Applications, 2014.
Watts D.J. et al., ‘Viral Marketing for the Real World’, Harvard Business Review, 2007.
Метод: Blumberg S. and Lloyd-Smith J.O., PLOS Computational Biology, 2013. Формула справедлива даже при возможности событий супрерраспространения.
Chowell G. et al., ‘Transmission potential of influenza A/H7N9, February to May 2013, China’, BMC Medicine, 2013.
Watts D.J. et al., ‘Viral Marketing for the Real World’, Harvard Business Review, 2007. Следует отметить, что технические проблемы с кампанией по электронной почте могли в некоторой степени искусственно уменьшить репродуктивное число для Tide.
Breban R. et al., ‘Interhuman transmissibility of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: estimation of pandemic risk’, The Lancet, 2013.
Geoghegan J.L. et al., ‘Virological factors that increase the transmissibility of emerging human viruses’, PNAS, 2016.
García-Sastre A., ‘Influenza Virus Receptor Specificity’, American Journal of Pathology, 2010.
Adamic L.A.
