О структурных изменениях в нервной системе аплизии см.:
С. Н. Bailey & М. Chen, Long-term memory in Aplysia modulates the total number of varicosities of single identified sensory neurons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 (1988): 2373–2377; C. H. Bailey & M. Chen, Time course of structural changes at identified sensory neuron synapses during long-term sensitization in Aplysia, J. Neurosci. 9 (1989): 1774–1780; С. Н. Bailey & E. R. Kandel, Structural changes accompanying memory storage, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 55 (1993): 397–426.
Другие сведения, приведенные в этой главе, почерпнуты из следующих источников:
Cajal, S. R. The Croonian Lecture: La fine structure des centres nerveux. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. В 55 (1894): 444–467.
Dudai, Y. Memory from A to Z. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Duncan, C. P. The retroactive effect of electroshock on learning. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 42 (1949): 32–44.
Ebert, Т., C. Pantev, C. Wienbruch, B. Rockstroh, and E. Taub. Increased cortical representation of the fingers of the left hand in string players. Science 270 (1995): 305–307.
Flexner, J. B., L. B. Flexner & E. Stellar. Memory in mice as affected by intracerebral puromycin. Science 141 (1963): 57–59.
Jenkins, W. М., M. M. Merzenich. M. T. Ochs, T. Allard 81 E. Guic-Robles. Functional reorganization of primary somatosensory cortex in adult owl monkeys after behaviorally controlled tactile stimulation. J. Neurophysiol. 63 (1990): 83–104.
16. Молекулы и кратковременная память
О механизмах работы циклического АМФ в целом см.: R. J. DeLange, R. G. Kemp, W. D. Riley, R. A. Cooper & E. G. Krebs. Activation of skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase by adenosine triphosphate and adenosine 3’, 5’ — monophosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 243, no. 9 (1968): 2200–2208; E. G. Krebs, Protein phosphorylation and cellular regulation, I in: Les Prix Nobel (The Nobel Prizes), ed. Nobel Foundation (Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell International, 1992); T. W. Rail & E. W. Sutherland, The regulatory role of adenosine 3’, 5’ — phosphate. Cold SpringHarborSymp., Quant. Biol. 26 (1961) 347–354; A. E. Gilman, Nobel lecture. G Proteins and regulation of adenylyl cyclase, Biosci. Reports 15 (1995): 65–97; P. Greengard, The neurobiology of dopamine signaling, in: Les Prix Nobel (The Nobel Prizes), ed. Nobel Foundation, 262–281 (Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell International, 2000).
О работе циклического АМФ в нервной системе аплизии: см. J. Н. Schwartz, V. F. Castellucci & E. R. Kandel, Functioning of identified neurons and synapses in abdominal ganglion of Aplysia in absence of protein synthesis, J. Neurophysiol. 34 (1971): 939–953;
H. Cedar, E. R. Kandel, and J. H. Schwartz, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nervous system of Aplysia californica: Increased synthesis in response to synaptic stimulation. J. Gen. Physiol. 60 (1972): 558–569; M. Brunelli, V. Castellucci & E. R. Kandel, Synaptic facilitation and behavioral sensitization in Aplysia: Possible role of serotonin and cyclic AMP. Science 194 (1976): 1178–1181; V. F. Castellucci, E. R. Kandel, J. H. Schwartz, F. D. Wilson, A. C. Nairn & P. Greengard. Intracellular injection of the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase simulates facilitation of transmitter release underlying behavioral sensitization in Aplysia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 11 (1980): 7492–7496.
О работе циклического АМФ в нервной системе дрозофилы см.: S. Benzer, Behavioral mutants of Drosophila isolated by counter current distribution, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 58 (1967): 1112–1119; D. Byers, R. L. Davis & J. R. Kiger Jr., Defect in cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase due to the dunce mutation of learning in Drosophila melanogaster, Nature 289 (1981): 79–81; Y. Dudai, Y. N. Jan, D. Byers, W. G. Quinn 81 S. Benzer. Dunce, a mutant of Drosophila deficient in learning. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, no. 5 (1976): 1684–1688.
Другие сведения, приведенные в этой главе, почерпнуты из следующих источников:
Castellucci, V. & E. R. Kandel. Presynaptic facilitation as a mechanism for behavioral sensitization in Aplysia. Science 194 (1976): 1176–1178.
Dale, N. & E. R. Kandel. L-glutamate may be the fast excitatory transmitter of Aplysia sensory neurons. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 90 (1993): 7163–7167.
Jacob, F. The Possible and the Actual. New York: Pantheon, 1982; приведенная цитата — стр. 33–35.
Jacob, F. The Statue Within. Translated by F. Philip. New York: Basic Books, 1988.
Kandel, E. R. Cellular Basis of Behavior: An Introduction to Behavioral Neurobiology. San Francisco: Freeman, 1976.
Kandel, E. R., M. Klein, B. Hochner, M. Shuster, S. Siegelbaum, R. Hawkins, D. Glanzman, V. F. Castellucci & T. Abrams. Synaptic modulation and learning: New insights into synaptic transmission from the study of behavior. In: Synaptic Function, ed. G. M. Edelman, W. E. Gall 81 W. M. Cowan, 471–518. New York: John Wiley 81 Sons, 1987.
Kistler, H. B. Jr., R. D. Hawkins, J. Koester, H. W. M. Steinbusch, E. R. Kandel 81 J. H. Schwartz. Distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive cell bodies and processes in the abdominal ganglion of mature Aplysia. J. Neurosci. 5 (1985): 72–80.
Kriegstein, A., V. F. Castellucci 81 E. R. Kandel. Metamorphosis of Aplysia californica in laboratory culture. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 71 (1974): 3654–3658.
Kuffler, S. 81 J. Nicholls. From Neuron to Brain: A Cellular Approach to the Function of the Nervous System. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates, 1976.
Siegelbaum, S., J. S. Camardo & E. R. Kandel. Serotonin and cAMP close single K+ channels in Aplysia sensory neurons. Nature 299 (1982): 413–417.
17. Долговременная память
О дневной и ночной науке Франсуа Жакоб пишет в своей книге:
F. Jacob, The Statue Within, trans. F. Philip (New York: Basic Books, 1988), стр. 296–297.
О Томасе Моргане см. две его биографии: G. Е. Allen, Thomas Hunt Morgan: The Man and His Science (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1978) и A. H. Sturtevant, Thomas Hunt Morgan (New York: National Academy of Sciences, 1959). См. также: E. R. Kandel, Thomas Hunt Morgan at Columbia: Genes, chromosomes, and the origins of modern biology, стр. 29–35 и E. R. Kandel, An American century of biology, стр. 36–39 — In: Living Legacies: Great Moments in the Life of Columbia for the 250th Anniversary, осенний (fall) выпуск журнала Columbia: The Magazine of Columbia University за 1999 год.
Уотсон и Крик впервые доложили о своем открытии в статье: J. D. Watson & F. Н. С. Crick, Molecular structure of nucleic acids: А structure of deoxyribose nucleic acid, Nature 171 (1953): 737–738; приведенная цитата — стр. 738. См. также: J. D. Watson & F. Н. С. Crick, Genetical implications of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, Nature 171 (1953): 964–967; J. D. Watson, The Double Helix (1968; reprint, New York: Touchstone/Simon & Schuster, 2001); J. D. Watson 81 A. Berry, DNA: The Secret of Life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003). Цитируемые слова Уотсона — из последней книги (стр. 88). Первое издание книги Шредингера: Е. Schrodinger, What Is Life: The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell. 1944. (Переиздание: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1947).
Другие сведения, приведенные в этой главе, почерпнуты из следующих источников:
Avery, О. Т., С. М. MacLeod & М. McCarty. Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types: Induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from Pneumococcus Type III. J. Exp. Med. 19 (1944): 137–158. Chimpanzee Genome. Special issue on chimpanzees. Nature 437, September 1, 2005.
Cohen, S. N., A. C. Chang, H. W. Boyer & R. B. Helling. Construction of biologically functional bacterial plasmids in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70, no. 11 (1973): 3240–3244.
Crick, F. H., L. Barnett, S. Brenner & R. J. Watts-Tobin. General nature of the genetic code for proteins. Nature 192 (1961): 1227–1232.
Gilbert, W. DNA sequencing and gene structure. Science 214 (1981): 1305–1312.
Jackson, D. A., R. H. Symons, & P. Berg. Biochemical method for inserting new genetic information into DNA Simian Virus 40: circular SV40 DNA molecules containing lambda phage genes and the galactose operon of Escherichia coli. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sri. USA 69 (1972): 2904–2909.
Jessell, Т. M. & E. R. Kandel. Synaptic transmission: A bidirectional and a self-modifiable form of cell-cell communication. Cell 72 / Neuron 10 (Suppl.) (1993): 1–30.
Matthaei, H. & M. W. Nirenberg. The dependence of cell-free protein synthesis in E. coli upon RNA prepared from ribosomes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 4 (1961): 404–408.
Sanger, F. Determination of nucleotide sequences in DNA. Science 214 (1981): 1205–1210.
Классическая статья Жакоба и Моно: F. Jacob & J. Monod, Genetic regulatory mechanisms in the synthesis of proteins, J. Molec. Biol. 3 (1961): 318–356.
Другие сведения, приведенные в этой главе, почерпнуты из следующих источников:
