Кервер приводит другой пример иллюзорного мышления среди руководства Германского флота. Адмирал Эдуард фон Капелле сказал 1 февраля 1917 г.: “С точки зрения военной я считаю, что, вступи Америка в войну на стороне неприятеля, эффект будет нулевым”. Tuchman, Zimmermann Telegram, 139; Koerver, German Submarine Warfare, xxxiii.
53 Беседа взята из неопубликованной автобиографии Холла, Hall, “Draft D”, ch. 25, Hall Papers.
54 Там же; Boghardt, Zimmermann Telegram, 106–107; Link, Wilson: Campaigns, 343.
55 Hall, “Draft D”, ch. 25, Hall Papers.
56 Tuchman, Zimmermann Telegram, 151.
57 Boghardt, Zimmermann Telegram, 78, 101, 105. Я вынужден был изложить дело вкратце, поскольку об одной лишь телеграмме Циммермана можно было бы написать целый том – что, собственно, и сделали другие авторы. За дальнейшими сведениями рекомендую обращаться прежде всего к книге Тачмэн, чье главное достоинство – сам по себе живой стиль повествования. Наиболее современные научные изыскания см. в Boghardt’s Zimmermann Telegram (2012); Gannon’s Inside Room 40 (2010).
58 Beesly, Room 40, 223.
59 Tuchman, Zimmermann Telegram, 185.
60 Частные записки, Lansing, Private Memoranda, March 19, 1917, Lansing Papers.
61 Там же, March 20, 1917.
62 Link, Wilson: Campaigns, 421.
63 Sullivan, Our Time, 272–273.
64 New York Times, April 3, 1917. В этом выпуске речь Вильсона опубликована целиком на первой полосе. См. также Link, Wilson: Campaigns, 422–426.
65 New York Times, April 3, 1917.
66 Churchill, World Crisis, 682–683. Леди Элис Томпсон, британка, которая вела дневник в начале ХХ в., была не слишком высокого мнения о сдержанности Америки. 27 февраля 1917 г., после потопления “Лаконии”, лайнера “Кунарда”, она писала: “Возможно, презренного Президента Соединенных Штатов еще удастся «подтолкнуть» к тому, чтобы он обратил внимание на это последнее бесчинство германцев. Он по-прежнему притворяется, будто «рассматривает дело»…”
24 марта 1917 г., после гибели другого корабля, она писала: “Подозреваю, Вильсон сочинит очередную ноту!! И тогда этот новый варварский акт будет предан забвению. Прекрасный народ, болтать горазды, а до дела не охотники. Пусть их”. Diaries of Lady Alice Thompson, vols. 2 and 3, Doc. 15282, Imperial War Museum.
67 Frost, German Submarine Warfare, 5.
68 Sims, Victory at Sea, 43.
69 Там же, 51.
70 Halpern, Naval History, 359.
Эпилог. Личные дела
1 Lawrence, When the Ships Came In, 131–132.
2 Там же, 132.
3 Там же, 133.
4 New York Times, Nov. 21, 1915.
5 Ramsay, Lusitania, 161; Hoehling and Hoehling, Last Voyage, 172.
6 Письмо, George Ball to Adolf Hoehling, July 22, 1955, Hoehling Papers.
7 Письмо, Mabel Every to Adolf Hoehling, May [4], 1955, Hoehling Papers; Ramsay, Lusitania, 161; письмо, George Ball to Adolf Hoehling, July 22, 1955, Hoehling Papers.
8 Письмо, William Thomas Turner to Miss Brayton, June 10, 1915, D42/PR13/29, Cunard Archive.
9 Письмо, George Ball to Adolf Hoehling, July 22, 1955, Hoehling Papers.
10 New York Times, Nov. 21, 1915.
11 Письмо, Geroge Ball to Adolf Hoehling, July 22, 1955, Hoehling Papers.
12 Там же.
13 Папка Tactical Formation of Submarines: Summary of Submarine Cruises, Entry: Sept. 5, 1917, Admiralty Papers, ADM 137/4128, National Archives UK; Grant, U-Boat Intelligence, 73, 185.
14 Это Strandingsmuseum St. George – музей памяти фрегата “Сент-Джордж”, Торсминде, Дания. Он находится в нескольких шагах от берега Северного моря. Боевая рубка U-20 стоит на лужайке перед входом, с нее сняты все люки и приборы. Орудийная палуба, откуда некогда столь точно стреляли, находится внутри музея, напротив витрины, где выставлены другие части субмарины. Дальнейшая информация о музее – на его сайте www.strandingsmuseet.dk/ about-us.
15 “Rough Notes”, Hall 2/1, Hall Papers.
16 Письмо, Hall to Percy Madeira, Oct. 6, 1934, Hall 1/6, Hall Papers.
17 Ramsay, “Blinker” Hall, 299.
18 Mackworth, This Was My World, 262.
19 Там же, 259.
20 Там же, 260.
21 “Compliments of George Kessler”, American Menu, April 14, 2012, 12.
22 Более новые сведения о компании “Лориэтс” см. в Boston Globe, Oct. 1, 1972, May 19 и June 13, 1999.
23 Kansas City Star, June 15, 1919. Предоставлено Майком Пойрьером.
24 Katz, Dearest, 121.
25 Cunningham, My Godmother, 51.
26 Katz, Dearest, 122.
27 Там же, 125.
28 Hoehling and Hoehling, Last Voyage, 171.
Архивы
Baker, James. Papers. Imperial War Museum, London. BBC Written Archives Centre. Caversham, Reading, England.
Bailey, Thomas Andrew, and Paul B. Ryan Collection. Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University. Stanford, CA.
Bruford, Walter Horace. Papers. Churchill Archives, Churchill College, Cambridge, England.
Bryan, William Jennings. Papers. Library of Congress Manuscript Division. Washington, D.C.
Churchill, Winston. Papers. Churchill Archives, Churchill College, Cambridge, England.
Clarke, William F. Papers. Churchill Archives, Churchill College, Cambridge, England.
Cunard Archives (“Records of the Cunard Steamship Co.”), Sydney Jones Library, University of Liverpool, England. Courtesy of the University of Liverpool Library.
Denniston, Alexander Guthrie. Papers. Churchill Archives, Churchill College, Cambridge, England.
Fisher, Jacky. Papers. Churchill Archives, Churchill College, Cambridge, England.
Hall, William Reginald. Papers. Churchill Archives, Churchill College, Cambridge, England.
Harris, Dwight. Papers. New-York Historical Society. New York, N.Y. (File: BV Lusitania, MS 1757.) Courtesy of the NewYork Historical Society.
Hoehling, Adolf, and Mary Hoehling. Papers. RMS Lusitania Collection. Mariners’ Museum and Library. Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA.
Hook, Hereward. Papers. Imperial War Museum, London.
Jellicoe, John. Papers. Churchill Archives, Churchill College, Cambridge, England.
Kell, Vernon. Papers. Imperial War Museum, London.
Lansing, Robert. Papers. Library of Congress Manuscript Division. Washington, DC (Desk Diaries and Private Memoranda).
Lorimer, D. Papers. Imperial War Museum, London.
Maritime Archives. Merseyside Maritime Museum. Liverpool, England.
McAdoo, William Gibbs. Papers. Library of Congress Manuscript Division. Washington, DC.
National Archives of the United Kingdom, Kew, England. Material cited in accord with Britain’s Open Government License.
Prichard, Mrs. G. S. Papers. Imperial War Museum, London.
Riddle, Theodate Pope. Papers. Hill-Stead Museum, Farmington, CT.
U.S. Department of State. Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States. 1915. Supplement, The World War. University of Wisconsin Digital Collections.
U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD.
U.S. National Archives and Records Administration at New York City. New York, NY.
Wilson, Woodrow. Papers. Library of Congress Manuscript Division. Washington, DC.
Книги и журнальные статьи
Albertini, Luigi. The Origins of the War of 1914. Translated by Isabella M. Massey. London: Oxford University Press, 1953.
Bailey, Thomas A. “German Documents Relating to the ‘Lusitania.’” Journal of Modern History 8, no. 3 (September 1936): 320–337.
Bailey, Thomas A. “The Sinking of the Lusitania.” American Historical Review 41, no. 1 (Oct. 1935): 54–73.
Bailey, Thomas A., and Paul B. Ryan. The Lusitania Disaster: An Episode in Modern Warfare and Diplomacy. New York: Free Press, 1975.
Ballard, Robert, with Spencer Dunmore. Exploring the Lusitania: Probing the Mysteries of the Sinking That Changed History. Toronto: Warner/ Madison Press, 1995.
Beesly, Patrick. Interview. “Sinking of the Lusitania.” Imperial War Museum, London.
Beesly, Patrick. Room 40: British Naval Intelligence, 1914–1918. London, Hamish Hamilton, 1982.
Berg, A. Scott. Wilson. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 2013.
Bernstorff, Count Johann-Heinrich von. My Three Years in America. New York: Scribner’s Sons, 1920.
Birnbaum, Karl E. Peace Moves and U-Boat Warfare. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1958.
Bisset, James. Commodore: War, Peace and Big Ships. London: Angus and Robertson, 1961.
Bixler, Julius Seelye. “William James and Immortality.” Journal of Religion 5, no. 4 (July 1925): 378–396.
Black, Jeremy. The Great War and the Making of the Modern World. New York: Continuum, 2011.
Boghardt, Thomas. The Zimmermann Telegram: Intelligence, Diplomacy, and America’s Entry into World War I. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2012.
Bolze, Thomas A. “From Private Passion to Public Virtue: Thomas B. Lockwood and the Making of a Cultural Philanthropist, 1895–1935.” Libraries and the Cultural Record 45, no. 4 (2010): 414–441.
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Bullard, Melissa Meriam, S. R. Epstein, Benjamin G. Kohl, and Susan Mosher Stuard. “Where History and Theory Interact: Frederic C. Lane on the Emergence of Capitalism.” Speculum 79, no. 1 (Jan. 2004): 88–119.
Carter, Mark Bonham, and Mark Pottle, eds. Lantern Slides: The Diaries and Letters of Violet Bonham Carter, 1904–1914. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1996.
Churchill, Winston S. The World Crisis, 1911–1918. 1923. Reprint, London: Thornton Butterworth, 1931.
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Cooper, John Milton, Jr. Woodrow Wilson. New York: Knopf, 2009.
Crow, Duncan. A Man of Push and Go: The Life of George Macaulay Booth. London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1965.
Cullen, Fintan. “The Lane Bequest.” Field Day Review 4 (2008): 187–201.
Cummins, Cedric C. “Indiana’s Reaction to the Submarine Controversy of 1915.” Indiana Magazine of History 40, no. 1 (March 1944): 1–32. “The Cunard Liner Lusitania.” Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 19, no. 4 (Nov. 1907): 933–983.
Cunningham, Phyllis Fenn. My Godmother: Theodate Pope Riddle. Canaan, NH: Phoenix, 1983.
Devlin, Patrick. Too Proud to Fight: Woodrow Wilson’s Neutrality. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975.
Directory of Directors. City of Boston. Boston: Bankers’ Service Co., 1905.
Doerries, Reinhard R. Imperial Challenge: Ambassador Count Bernstorff and German-American Relations, 1908–1917. Translated by Christa D. Shannon. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989.
Doyle, Arthur Conan. “Danger!” In Danger! and Other Stories. London: John Murray, 1918.
