993
Robert the Monk, Historia Iherosolimitana (Paris, 1846), RHC, 3, p. 741
Fulcher, History of the Expedition, pp. 66–67; Robert the Monk, Historia, p. 725; Riley-Smith, First Crusade, p. 143
Keegan, History of Warfare, p. 295
Бернард Клервосский, Похвала новому рыцарству, 2.3; 2,1; см.: M. Conrad Greenia, RHC, trans., In Praise of the New Knighthood: A Treatise on the Knights Templar and the Holy Places of Jerusalem (Collegeville, Minn., 2008)
Ibid., 3, 5
Amin Maalouf, The Crusades through Arab Eyes, trans. Jon Rothschild (London, 1984), pp. 38–39. Конечно, цифры, которые приводит Ибн аль-Асир, завышены. На тот момент численность жителей этого города не превышала 10 000 человек
Michael Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History (Princeton and Oxford, 2006), pp. 137–38
Ибн аль-Асир, Полный свод истории, X. 92; см.: Francesco Gabrieli, ed., Arab Historians of the Crusades, trans. E. J. Costello (London, Melbourne and Henley, 1978)
Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives (Edinburgh, 1999), pp. 75–81 (Хильдебранд К. Крестовые походы. Взгляд с Востока. – СПб.: Диля, 2008.)
Maalouf, Crusades through Arab Eyes, pp. 2–3
Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History, pp. 139–40; Emanuel Sivan, ‘Genèse de contre-croisade: une traité damasquine de début du XIIe siècle’, Journal Asiatique, 254 (1966)
R. A. Nicholson, The Mystics of Islam (London, 1963 ed.), p. 105. [Перевод З. Миркиной. Цит. по: Фильштинский И. М. Арабская поэзия средних веков. – М.: Художественная литература, 1975. – Прим. пер.]
Ибн аль-Каланиси, История Дамаска, 173; см.: Gabrieli, ed., Arab Historians of the Crusades
Камаль ад-Дин, Сливки истории Алеппо, II, 187–90; см.: Gabrieli, ed., Arab Historians of the Crusades.
Maalouf, Crusades through Arab Eyes, p. 147
Hillenbrand, Crusades, p. 113
Здесь и далее факты изложены по: Ибн аль-Асир, Полный свод истории, XI, 264–67; см.: Gabrieli, Arab Historians of the Crusades
Баха ад-Дин, Салах ад-Дин; ibid., p. 100. [Цит. по: Баха ад-Дин. Саладин, победитель крестоносцев. – М.: Диля, 2009. – Прим. пер.]
Ибн аль-Асир, Полный свод истории; ibid., pp. 141–42
Ибн аль-Асир, Полный свод истории; Maalouf, Crusades through Arab Eyes, pp. 205–06
Christopher J. Tyerman, ‘Sed nihil fecit? The Last Capetians and the Recovery of the Holy Land’, in J. Gillingham and J. C. Holt, eds, War and Government in the Middle Ages: Essays in Honour of J. O. Prestwich (Totowa, NJ, 1984); Norman Housley, The Later Crusades, 1274–1580: From Lyons to Alcazar (Oxford, 1992), pp. 12–30; Mastnak, Crusading Peace, pp. 139–40
Ср. Противоположные точки зрения в: R. W. Southern, The Making of the Middle Ages (London, Melbourne, Sydney, Auckland, Johannesburg, 1967), pp. 56–62; Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades, 3 vols (Cambridge, 1954), pp. 474–77
Hillenbrand, Crusades, pp. 249–50
David Abulafia, Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor (New York and Oxford, 1992), pp. 197–98
From John Esposito, Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam (Oxford, 2002), pp. 43–46; David Cook, Understanding Jihad (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 2005), pp. 63–66; Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History, pp. 143–44; Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilisation (Chicago and London, 1974), pp. 468–71; Natana J. Delong-Bas, Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad (Cairo, 2005), pp. 247–55; Hillenbrand, Crusades, pp. 241–43
R. I. Moore, The Formation of a Persecuting Society: Power and Deviance in Western Europe 950–1250 (Oxford, 1987)
Ibid., pp. 26–43
H. G. Richardson, The English Jewry under the Angevin Kings (London, 1960), p. 8; John H. Mundy, Liberty and Political Power in Toulouse (New York, 1954), p. 325
Moshe Gil, A History of Palestine, 634–1099, trans. Ethel Broido (Cambridge, UK, 1992), pp. 370–80; F. E. Peters, The Distant Shrine: The Islamic Centuries in Jerusalem (New York, 1993), pp. 73–74; 92–96. Греки называли этот храм храмом Воскресения, а крестоносцы переименовали его в храм Гроба Господня
Cohn, Pursuit of the Millennium, pp. 76–78, 80, 86–87
Ibid., pp. 87–88
Moore, Formation of Persecuting Society, pp. 105–06
Ibid., pp. 84–85; Richardson, English Jewry, pp. 50–63
Пьер Абеляр, Диалог, 51; см.: P. J. Payer, trans., A Dialogue of a Philosopher with a Jew and a Christian (Toronto, 1979), p. 33. [Пер. С. Неретиной. Цит. по: Пьер Абеляр. Теологические трактаты. – М.: Прогресс, 1995. – Прим. пер.]
M. Montgomery Watt, The Influence of Islam on Medieval Europe (Edinburgh, 1972), pp. 74–86
Duby, ‘Introduction’, in Chivalrous Society, pp. 9–11
Jonathan and Louise Riley-Smith, The Crusades: Idea and Reality, 1095–1274 (London, 1981), pp. 78–79
Ibid., pp. 83, 85
Zoe Oldenbourg, Le Bucher de Montségur (Paris, 1959), pp. 115–16
Ibid., p. 89
J. D. Mansi, Sacrorum Consiliorum nova et amplissima collectio (Paris and Leipzig, 1903), Vol. 21, 843 in Moore, Formation of Persecuting Society, p. 111
Norman Cohn, Warrant for Genocide (London, 1967), p. 12 (Кон Н. Благословение на геноцид. Миф о всемирном заговоре евреев и «протоколах сионских мудрецов». – М.: Прогресс, 1990.)
Peter the Venerable, Summary of the Whole Heresy of the Diabolic Sect of the Saracens in Norman Daniel, Islam and the West: The Making of an Image (Edinburgh, 1960), p. 124
Benjamin Kedar, Crusade and Mission: European Approaches to the Muslims (Princeton, NJ, 1984), p. 101.
Moore, Formation of Persecuting Society, pp. 60–67
Ibid., pp. 102, 110–11
Larry Benson, ed. and trans., King Arthur’s Death: The Middle English Stanzaic Morte d’Arthur and the Alliterative Morte d’Arthur (Kalamazoo, Mich., 1994), line 247
Песнь о Роланде, строка 2196. см.: Dorothy L. Sayers, trans., The Song of Roland (Harmondsworth, 1957). [Перевод Ю. Корнеева. Здесь и далее цит. по: Песнь о Роланде. Коронование Людовика. Нимская телега. Песнь о Сиде. Романсеро. – М.: Художественная литература, 1976. – Прим. пер.]
Ibid., строки 2344–2352
Ibid., строки 1881–1882
Keen, Chivalry, pp. 60–63
P. M. Matarasso, trans. and ed., The Quest of the Holy Grail (Harmondsworth, 1969), pp. 119–20
Franco Cardini, ‘The Warrior and the Knight’, in James Le Goff, ed., The Medieval World, trans. Lydia C. Cochrane (London, 1990), p. 95
Keith Busby, trans., Raoul de Hodence, Le roman des eles: The Anonymous Ordene de Cevalerie (Philadelphia, 1983), p. 175
Richard W. Kaeuper, Holy Warrior: The Religious Ideology of Chivalry (Philadelphia, 2009), pp. 53–57
A. T. Holden, S. Gregory and David Crouch, trans. and eds, History of William Marshal, 2 vols (London, 2002–06), lines 16, 853–63
Kaeuper, Holy Warrior, pp. 38–49
Henry of Lancaster, ‘Book of Holy Remedies’ in A. J. Arnold, ed., Le Livre de Seyntz Medicines: The Unpublished Devotional Treatises of Henry of Lancaster (Oxford, 1940), p. 4
Geoffroi de Charny, The Book of Chivalry of Geoffroi de Charny: Text, Context and Translation, trans. Richard W. Kaeuper and Elspeth Huxley (Philadelphia, 1996), p. 194
Ibid., pp. 174, 176–77
Ibid.
Mastnak, Crusading Peace, pp. 233–39
Malcolm Barber, The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Templars (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 280–313; Norman Cohn, Europe’s Inner Demons: The Demonization of Christians in Medieval Christendom (London, 1975), pp. 79–101
Brian Tierney, The Crisis of Church and State, 1050–1300 (Toronto, 1988), p. 172; J. H. Shennon, The Origins of the Modern European State 1450–1725 (London, 1974); Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought, 2 vols (Cambridge, UK, 1978), 1, p. xxiii; A. Fall, Medieval and Renaissance Origins: Historiographical Debates and Demonstrations (London, 1991), p. 120
Mastnak, Crusading Peace, pp. 244–46
J. N. Hillgarth, Ramon Lull and Lullism in Fourteenth-Century France (Oxford, 1971), pp. 107–11, 120.
Christopher J. Tyerman, England and the Crusades, 1095–1588 (Chicago, 1988), pp. 324–43; William T. Cavanaugh, Migrations of the Holy: God, State and the Political Meanings of the Church (Grand Rapids, Mich., 2011)
John Barnie, War in Medieval English Society: Social Values in the Hundred Years War (Ithaca, NY, 1974), pp. 102–03
Mastnak, Crusading Peace, pp. 248–51; Thomas J. Renna, ‘Kingship in the Disputatio inter clericum et militem’, Speculum, 48 (1973)
Ernst K. Kantorowicz¸ ‘Pro Patria Mori in Medieval Political Thought’, American Historical Review, 56, 3 (1951), pp. 244, 256
Felipe Fernández-Armesto, 1492: The Year Our World Began (New York, 2009), pp. 9–11, 52
Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, 3 vols (Chicago and London, 1974), 3, pp. 14–15
